＊連到 IoT 互聯網實驗網站http://192.168.20.101 (資策會 內網)
＊連到 IoT 互聯網實驗網站http://125.227.255.81 (資策會 public IP)
＊認識 Raspberry Pi GPIO 腳位    (Board板子上的編號 vs. BCM 編號)
＊第一次把玩樹莓派的新手 (到 Raspberry PI 官方網站 下載NOOBS作業系統並安裝到 Micro SD 卡)
＊Maker入門手冊－Raspberry Pi3安裝及環境建置
＊Raspberry Pi台灣樹莓派(教學)    (3B+ vs. 3B)

＊LED blink using Raspberry Pi and Python  ( 其他 很多方法閃爍 LED  )

# ledBlink.py  -- #這個程式是 Raspberry Pi 的基本測試程式
#請先把實體編號 12 的 pin 腳連接到一個電阻再連接到 LED 的長腳,
# 然後 LED 的短腳連接到 GND
#執行程式後, 該 LED 將會不斷的閃爍 
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO    # Import Raspberry Pi GPIO library
from time import sleep     # Import the sleep function from the time module
ledPin = 12
GPIO.setwarnings(False)    # Ignore warning for now
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)   # Use physical pin numbering
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)   # Set pin 12 to be an output pin
try:
   print('按下 Ctrl-C 可停止程式')
   while True: # Run forever
      GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.HIGH) # Turn on
      sleep(1)                  # Sleep for 1 second
      GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.LOW)  # Turn off
      sleep(1)                  # Sleep for 1 second
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print('Bye bye 程式')
finally:
    GPIO.cleanup()   # 索有用到的 GPIO pin 恢復到 Input 狀態


＊在 RASPBERRY PI 3 MODEL B 建立 PYTHON 3.6 環境(測試 led.py)
＊RASPBERRY PI 3 MODEL B 與 DHT11 溫溼度感應器之應用(用 Python 3.6 + dht11.py)
＊ 關於DHT-11等溫濕度感測器可以參看我在老共的社群發表的文章, 可以讓你學到更深入的概念。
     (也可以看看這我以前教育達科大大一同學的 DHT11 講義) (還有以前我在老共Arduino社群寫的一些文章)
＊關於讀取按鈕 DIY- 2 Ways to Add a Button to Your Raspberry Pi Project。
＊也是按鈕R-Pi 讀取按鈕用 GPIO.add_event_detect( )。
＊Raspberry-pi-3-model-b-與 瞬時按鈕(用 Python 3.6 +  button_poll.py,button_event.py)

# button_poll.py
# 如何測試:  注意, 這範例故意把實體 Pin 12 用做按鈕, LED 改到實體 pin 16 喔!
#  (a) 實體 pin 12 插入杜邦公母線, 公的那端可以碰觸 GND 或網路線連接頭的金屬(也算 GND)
#  (b) 實體 pin 16 連接到一個電阻再連到 LED 的長腳, 並把短腳連到 GND
import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO   #引入 GPIO 套件

BUTTON_PIN = 18  #實體編號 12 的腳位，其 BCM 編號為 18。
LED_PIN = 23  #控制 LED 的腳位，實體編號 16 的腳位，其 BCM 編號為 23。

def my_callback(channel):
    print('按下按鈕') 
    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
    time.sleep(0.1)
    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.LOW) 

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)   ##使用 BCM 編號方式。  
GPIO.setup(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
# pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP用來開啟內建上拉電阻  
GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)   #腳位設定為輸出模式。 

try:
    print('按下 Ctrl-C 可停止程式')
    while True:  # 以下檢察按鈕是否被按下
        if GPIO.input(BUTTON_PIN) == GPIO.LOW:
            my_callback(BUTTON_PIN)
        time.sleep(0.25)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print('關閉程式')
finally:
    GPIO.cleanup()  #確保程式結束後，用到的腳位皆回復到預設狀態。
############################################################################


# button_event.py
# 如何測試:  與上面那個 button_pool.py 相同連接方式
#  (a) 實體 pin 12 插入杜邦公母線, 公的那端可以碰觸 GND 或網路線連接頭的金屬(也算 GND)
#   (b) 實體 pin 16 連接到一個電阻再連到 LED 的長腳, 並把短腳連到 GND
import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

BUTTON_PIN = 18
LED_PIN = 23

def my_callback(channel):
    print('按下按鈕')
    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
    time.sleep(0.1)
    GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.LOW)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)  
GPIO.setup(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)   
GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT) 
### 註冊當輸入腳位由高電位變成低電位 (GPIO.FALLING) 時，執行 my_callback 函數。
GPIO.add_event_detect(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.FALLING, callback=my_callback, bouncetime=250) 

try:
    print('按下 Ctrl-C 可停止程式')
    while True:
        time.sleep(0.258)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print('關閉程式')
finally:
    GPIO.cleanup() # 用到的腳位皆回復到 INPUT
# https://reurl.cc/oEkpD 



# btnPollLED.py  -- 利用瞬時按鈕　Toggle LED 燈 開/關
# 如何測試: 注意, 這範例故意把 按鈕和 Led 的 pin 腳 跟前面兩範例對調 !!
#   (a) 實體 pin 16 插入杜邦公母線, 公的那端可以碰觸 GND 或網路線連接頭的金屬(也算 GND)
#   (b) 實體 pin 12 連接到一個電阻再連到 LED 的長腳, 並把短腳連到 GND
# 你當然可以改用其他 pin 
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO   #引入 GPIO 套件
import time

btnPin = 23  #實體編號 16 的腳位，其 BCM 編號為 23。
ledPin = 18  #控制 LED 的腳位，實體編號 12 的腳位，其 BCM 編號為 18。

def my_callback(channel):
    print('按下按鈕') 
    tmp = not GPIO.input(ledPin)   #  On / Off
    GPIO.output(ledPin, tmp)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)   ##使用 BCM 編號方式。  
GPIO.setup(btnPin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)   
     ### pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP用來開啟內建上拉電阻  
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT)   #腳位設定為輸出模式。 

try:
    print('按下 Ctrl-C 可停止程式')
    while True:  # 以下檢察按鈕是否被按下
        if GPIO.input(btnPin) == GPIO.LOW:
            time.sleep(0.168)  # simple Debounce
            my_callback(btnPin)
        time.sleep(0.25)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print('Bye Bye 程式')
finally:
    GPIO.cleanup() 



＊RaspBerry Pi Button.py 數位輸入 + 讀取按鈕
＊關於 PC/Windows 上安裝使用 Python
	

 想在自己電腦上安裝官方版本的 Python ? 


可以
點這連到 Python 官方網站,
 
建議不要抓最新版(通常 Bug 多多) ! 
(雖然上圖顯示 3.7.2, 那是我測試安裝一下啦:-)



 如果用 Windows 10, 或確定你的 Windows 是 64 位元作業系統 (用滑鼠右鍵點"電腦" 選 "內容"看看),


建議點這抓3.6.8 會連到 python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-amd64.exe


根據官方網站聲明: 3.6.8 是 3.6 版的最後一次修正版 !

也可
點這抓 Anaconda

 
以及
使用 Jupyter Notebook
 
點這看 Jupyter Notebook 使用介紹


(這有
台大學生寫的簡易教學
和 老共寫的Anaconda教學)
 

#
# DAI777.py  -- new version of Dummy Device DAI.py, modified by tsaiwn@cs.nctu.edu.tw
# you can get from here:  https://goo.gl/6jtP41   ; Search dummy + iottalk  for other files
import time, DAN, requests, random 
import threading, sys    #
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO  
ledPin = 12

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)   # Use physical pin numbering
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)  # 初始關燈  

# ServerURL = 'http://Your_server_IP_or_DomainName:9999' #with no secure connection
ServerURL = 'http://192.168.20.101:9999' #with no secure connection

# ServerURL = 'https://demo.iottalk.tw' #with SSL secure connection
# ServerURL = 'https://Your_DomainName' #with SSL connection  (IP can not be used with https)
Reg_addr = None #if None, Reg_addr = MAC address

mac_addr = 'CD8677D49' + str( random.randint(100,999 ) ) # for easy to modify;;  the mac_addr in DAN.py is NOT used
# Copy DAI.py to DAI2.py and then modify the above mac_addr, then you can have two dummy devices
Reg_addr = mac_addr   # Otherwise, the mac addr generated in DAN.py will always be the same !

DAN.profile['dm_name']='Dummy_Device'   # you can change this but should also add the DM in server
DAN.profile['df_list']=['Dummy_Sensor', 'Dummy_Control']
#DAN.profile['d_name']= None # None for autoNaming ; or You can Give it a Name
DAN.device_registration_with_retry(ServerURL, Reg_addr)

# global gotInput, theInput
gotInput=False
theInput="haha"
allDead=False

def doRead( ):
    global gotInput, theInput, allDead
    while True:
        while gotInput:     # wait till main thread NOT busy  (has sent data out)
           time.sleep(0.1)
           continue  # go back to while
        try:
           theInput = input("Give me data: ")
        except Exception:
           allDead = True  # 通知老闆說我死了喔 :-)
           print("\n\nDeregister " + DAN.profile['d_name'] + " !!!\n",  flush=True)
           DAN.deregister()
           sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
           print(" Thread say Bye bye ---------------", flush=True)
           sys.exit( );   ## break  # raise   #  ?
        gotInput=True
        if theInput !='quit' and theInput != "exit":
           print("Will send " + theInput, end="   , ")

#creat a thread to do Input data from keyboard, by tsaiwn@cs.nctu.edu.tw
threadx = threading.Thread(target=doRead)
threadx.daemon = True
threadx.start()

while True:
    try:
    #Pull data from a device feature called "Dummy_Control"
        value1=DAN.pull('Dummy_Control')
        if value1 != None:     #   注意這列不可以刪除喔 !
            ggg = value1[0]
            if  ggg ==  0: GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.LOW)
            else:  GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.HIGH)
    #
    #Push data to a device feature called "Dummy_Sensor" 
        if gotInput:   # 小弟(thread)已經幫忙讀到資料放在 theInput
           if theInput =='quit' or theInput=="exit":
              break;  # sys.exit( );
           #value2=random.uniform(1, 10)
           try:
              value2=float( theInput )
           except:
              value2=0
           gotInput=False   # so that you can input again ; 讓小弟知道我已經取走資料
           if(allDead): break;
           DAN.push ('Dummy_Sensor', value2,  value2)

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        if str(e).find('mac_addr not found:') != -1:
            print('Reg_addr is not found. Try to re-register...')
            DAN.device_registration_with_retry(ServerURL, Reg_addr)
        else:
            print('Connection failed due to unknow reasons.')
            time.sleep(1.258) 
    try:
       time.sleep(0.2)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
       break
time.sleep(0.5)
try: 
   DAN.deregister()
except Exception as e:
   print("===")
print("Bye ! --------------", flush=True)
sys.exit( );   ####### End of DAI777.py 

#
#
# DAI888.py  -- new version of Dummy Device DAI.py, modified by tsaiwn@cs.nctu.edu.tw
#  
import time, DAN, requests, random 
import threading, sys    #
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO  ##
ledPin = 12  # 注意這程式用實體編號 -- mode 用 GPIO.BOARD
btnPin = 16  #實體編號 16 的腳位，其 BCM 編號為 23 
ledLocal = 12   # 如果你有兩個 LED, 把這 12 改為別的值 ; 這用來監看按鈕有沒成功按到 !?

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)   # Use physical pin numbering
GPIO.setup(ledPin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)  # 初始關燈 
GPIO.setup(ledLocal, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)  # Local 用的 LED
GPIO.setup(btnPin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)   
       ### 上面句子的, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP用來開啟內建上拉電阻  

# ServerURL = 'http://Your_server_IP_or_DomainName:9999' #with no secure connection
ServerURL = 'http://192.168.20.101:9999' #with no secure connection

# ServerURL = 'https://demo.iottalk.tw' #with SSL secure connection
# ServerURL = 'https://Your_DomainName' #with SSL connection  (IP can not be used with https)
Reg_addr = None #if None, Reg_addr = MAC address

mac_addr = 'CD8677D49' + str( random.randint(100,999 ) ) # for easy to modify;;  the mac_addr in DAN.py is NOT used
# Copy DAI.py to DAI2.py and then modify the above mac_addr, then you can have two dummy devices
Reg_addr = mac_addr   # Otherwise, the mac addr generated in DAN.py will always be the same !

DAN.profile['dm_name']='Dummy_Device'   # you can change this but should also add the DM in server
DAN.profile['df_list']=['Dummy_Sensor', 'Dummy_Control']
#DAN.profile['d_name']= None # None for autoNaming
DAN.device_registration_with_retry(ServerURL, Reg_addr)

# global gotInput, theInput
gotInput=False
allDead=False
theInput="haha"     # 現在 theInput 沒用了 !  
myState = 0   # 記住按鈕的狀態 

# 以下這個小弟 (thread 執行緒) 不再讀取鍵盤, 改為檢查按鈕
def doRead( ):
    global gotInput, theInput, allDead   # 
    global myState    ### 按鈕狀態
    while True:
        while gotInput:   # 老闆(主程式)還沒拿走
           time.sleep(0.1)
           continue  # go back to while 阿就一直等到老闆拿走啊 
        #theInput = input("Give me data: ")
        try:
           time.sleep(0.053)
           if GPIO.input(btnPin) == GPIO.LOW:    # 按了按鈕
              time.sleep(0.168)  # simple Debounce
              myState = 1 - myState     # Toggle 
              gotInput=True   # 通知老闆 (主程式 thread)
              time.sleep(0.25)   #故意不立即又檢查按鈕
        except Exception:
           allDead = True  # 通知老闆說我死了喔 :-)
           print("\n\nDeregister " + DAN.profile['d_name'] + " !!!\n",  flush=True)
           DAN.deregister()
           sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
           print(" Thread say Bye bye ---------------", flush=True)
           sys.exit( );   ## break  # raise   #  ?
        ###### 

#creat a thread to do Input data from keyboard, by tsaiwn@cs.nctu.edu.tw
threadx = threading.Thread(target=doRead)
threadx.daemon = True
threadx.start()

while True:
    try:
    #Pull data from a device feature called "Dummy_Control"
        value1=DAN.pull('Dummy_Control')
        if value1 != None:     #  有拉到資料 ! 
            ggg = value1[0]   # 取出資料
            if  ggg ==  0: GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.LOW)   # 關燈
            else:  GPIO.output(ledPin, GPIO.HIGH)   ##  開燈
    ##
    #Push data to a device feature called "Dummy_Sensor" 
        if gotInput:    ### 小弟說已經有資料要送去 IoTtalk Server 
           #if theInput =='quit' or theInput=="exit":
           #   sys.exit( );
           #value2=random.uniform(1, 10)
           #value2=float( theInput )
           value2=float( myState )   # 丟實數以後比較有彈性 
           gotInput=False   # so that you can input again (通知負責讀取的小弟 thread)
           if(allDead): break;
           DAN.push ('Dummy_Sensor', value2,  value2)  #
           GPIO.output(ledLocal, myState)   # 故意用 Local 燈對照以便知道有沒按到按鈕 

    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        break;
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        if str(e).find('mac_addr not found:') != -1:
            print('Reg_addr is not found. Try to re-register...')
            DAN.device_registration_with_retry(ServerURL, Reg_addr)
        else:
            print('Connection failed due to unknow reasons.')
            time.sleep(1)    
    try:
       time.sleep(0.23)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
       break
time.sleep(0.5)
try: 
   DAN.deregister()
except Exception as e:
   print("===")
GPIO.cleanup() 
print("Bye ! --------------", flush=True)
sys.exit( );   ########  End of DAI888.py